Sources

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg · HStAS J 386 Bü 536, image 166 · 1877

Primary/near-contemporary record link identified in the published Craft archive.

Stuttgart civil registration · May 14, 1887

Primary civil record as described in the research archive; canonical scan/citation still needs import from the old Work/local archive.

Steinheim Institute · epidat lau-591

Scholarly gravestone edition and family reconstruction citing the Laupheim death register, grave list, Familienregister p. 74, and Hüttenmeister. The gravestone directly supports Isak's dates and patronymic; the household list is derivative until the underlying family register is imported. The wording about Gietel does not establish the additional name Klara, a Thannhauser surname, her dates, or her parents.

Steinheim Institute · epidat lau-212

Scholarly gravestone edition and family reconstruction citing Familienregister p. 74, the Laupheim death register, grave list, and Hüttenmeister. The gravestone directly supports Miriam's vital dates; the parentage and complete household remain derivative until the cited family register is imported.

Steinheim Institute · epidat lau-451

Hebrew inscription independently names Leopold’s father Daniel.

Steinheim Institute · epidat lau-473

Scholarly register reconstruction citing Laupheim family registers.

Steinheim Institute · epidat lau-458

Hebrew inscription and scholarly notes support the earlier generation.

Leo Baeck Institute / Internet Archive · reel16, scan n1159 (chapter p. 14); genealogy charts n1420–n1423

Source-cited historical reconstruction, not direct proof. The parenthetical citation on page 14 names Wilhelm Rapp, Die Geschichte des Dorfes Fellheim an der Iller (1960), and "Reichlin-Meldegg Protocols 1720-1780," but gives no repository, archival signature, protocol date, page, or folio for either population list. The original 1722 and 1747 entries remain uninspected.

John H. Bergmann Collection / Internet Archive · reel08; scans n784–n785 · September 5, 1828

Copy/transcription of contemporary municipal proceeding; confirms both fathers and marriage intention.

Georgia Historic Newspapers · July 16, 1965

Contemporary obituary names Josephine Stone and Melita Levy as sisters. The Josephine identity bridge is now independently resolved by S-065, S-069, and S-070; the separate Melita identity claim remains under RQ-005.

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg · EL 228 b II Nr. 71852; grave 1627 / grave number 2268 · December 11, 1924

Official cemetery index candidate; online description does not identify husband, maiden name, or parents.

National Library of Israel · 1893

Digitized contemporary source reported to corroborate Miriam’s birth and death dates; full transcription still useful.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg · HStAS J 386 Bü 353

Target register volume; Emil's entry has not yet been located or verified. The official Landesarchiv/Matricula catalog rechecked 2026-09-02 lists this unit as Laupheim Jewish births, 1833-1938, partly in Hebrew and barely legible. The primary images were not examined in this session because the interactive viewer was unavailable under the local browser security policy; this is an access limitation, not a negative search result.

Stadtarchiv Stuttgart · Birth register entry for Auguste Einstein, 8 January 1877 · 1877

Primary civil-register scan supplied directly by Stadtarchiv Stuttgart by email on 12 August 2026. The scan is held in the private research archive; public metadata may be shared.

Stadtarchiv Stuttgart · Familienregister Einstein/Schweizer, volume 33, page 309

Primary family-register scan supplied directly by Stadtarchiv Stuttgart by email on 12 August 2026. The scan is held in the private research archive; public metadata may be shared.

Stadtarchiv Stuttgart · Stuttgart Sterberegister Nr. 3475, recorded 12 December 1924 · December 11, 1924

Primary death-register scan supplied directly by Stadtarchiv Stuttgart by email on 12 August 2026. It explicitly identifies Karoline as née Schweizer, widow of merchant Emil Einstein, and gives her birthplace and exact birth date. It does not name her parents; no useful marginal annotation was observed on the supplied page. The original scan remains in the private research archive; public metadata may be shared.

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg · EL 350 I Bü 20800

Complete archival reproduction comprising 5 scan images, delivered by the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg reproduction service on 18 August 2026 and recovered from its expiring download link on 27 August 2026. The five images were all visually reviewed on 12 September 2026, completing full review of this source. Images 0001-0004 are the Ausland file cover/administrative material and do not recount the November 1938 escape or border crossing. Image 0005 explicitly redirects Celia's emigration-cost claim to ES/A 12098 (Max Wortsmann), making Max's main restitution file the relevant dossier for migration-cost evidence. The private recovery manifest confirms that these five images are the complete EL 350 I Bü 20800 delivery; an older Library manifest note incorrectly associated this source with a 341-image delivery. Public metadata may be shared; publication or reuse of scan images requires separate review of the archive's terms.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg · L 10/1360, entry no. 2

Higher-quality scan of the marriage entry for Joseph Schweitzer and Barbara Guggenheim supplied directly by Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg by email on 14 August 2026. Preserve as a primary archival record. Its exact relationship to Karoline Schweizer Einstein should remain evidence-led rather than assumed until the intervening parentage is documented.

National Archives at Atlanta · NARA request 26-77504; Petition no. 3939 · 1945-01

Complete 14-page high-resolution file recovered from the National Archives' expiring Onehub delivery on 27 August 2026. All fourteen pages were visually reviewed on 1 September 2026. The file includes the Certificate of Arrival, Declaration, four witness depositions, Petition, oath, and admission card. The January 1945 notice in the file concerns a statutory notice waiver and is not the petition filing date; the clerk's certification establishes the 25 February 1944 filing. The PDF is held in the private archive; public metadata may be shared. The declaration image was also reviewed through Ancestry collection 2500, image 40333_1220702381_0569-00467.

National Archives at Atlanta · NARA request 26-77504; Certificate of Arrival 10-11384; Declaration of Intention 4116; Petition no. 4021; certificate 6106842 · 1944-08

Complete 10-page high-resolution file recovered from the National Archives' expiring Onehub delivery on 27 August 2026. It includes the Certificate of Arrival, Declaration, Petition, witness depositions, oath, and certificate card; all ten pages were visually reviewed on 31 August 2026. The declaration names Cherbourg as Max's port of emigration while the petition names Southampton. The declaration gives the marriage place as Limburg, while the petition gives Stuttgart. Those discrepancies are preserved rather than resolved. The PDF is held in the private archive; public metadata may be shared.

National Archives at Atlanta · NARA request 26-77504; delivered file 26-77509; Certificate of Arrival 10-12549; Declaration of Intention 3043; Petition no. 4023; certificate 6106841 · 1944-08

Complete 11-page high-resolution file recovered from the National Archives' expiring Onehub delivery on 27 August 2026. It includes the Certificate of Arrival, Declaration, Petition, witness depositions, oath, and certificate card; all eleven pages were visually reviewed on 31 August 2026. The declaration gives the marriage place as Limburg, while the petition gives Stuttgart. That discrepancy is preserved rather than resolved. The PDF is held in the private archive; public metadata may be shared.

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg · EL 350 I Bü 22275

Complete archival reproduction comprising 341 scan images, delivered by the reproduction service on 18 August 2026 and recovered on 27 August 2026. The original ZIP is held in the private archive. The package is complete and checksum verified. On 13 September 2026 all 341 JPEGs were systematically reviewed in filename order using local OCR as a discovery aid, visual contact sheets for complete coverage, and full-resolution inspection of every image used as evidence. OCR derivatives and scans remain outside Git. Evidentiary layers must not be collapsed. Josephine's recollections and counsel's submissions are claimant evidence; bank ledgers and probate papers are contemporary or official records; the compensation authority's findings are later administrative conclusions. In particular, the file establishes deportation to Theresienstadt and transfer to Auschwitz but says he was then missing. The authority inferred death soon after arrival and assigned 31 May 1944 as a statutory death date; it is not an eyewitness death record. Likewise, the DM 500 property-levy settlement was an evidentiary compromise, not proof of the levy amount claimed. Public metadata may be shared; scan publication requires separate rights review.

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg · EL 350 I Bü 27797

Complete archival reproduction comprising 1,105 scan images, delivered by the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg reproduction service on 18 August 2026 and recovered on 27 August 2026. The recovered original ZIP was independently CRC-verified; its recorded SHA-256 is 1d66addad276a136466984b53c584b3a85bda3917e569d3d00fbe8e86f1a63a0. On 13 September 2026 the original ZIP was located in the prepared private archive intake folder and its SHA-256 matched the value above. All 1,105 consecutively numbered JPEGs were present; every extracted image matched the original ZIP entry's size and CRC. Targeted indexing used filename order, sampled OCR, and visual review of the relevant image clusters rather than a sequential manual read of all 1,105 images. Key pages are 0523-0526 (St. Gallen confirmations), 0574-0581 (claims and signed 1957 affidavits), 0462-0465 and 0748-0751 (the 1959 emigration-cost decisions), and 0478-0479 (decision concerning the Wanderer automobile). This completes a targeted crossing/emigration review only. It is not an exhaustive page-by-page transcription or systematic extraction of every property, loss, and compensation claim in the dossier. The affidavits are retrospective accounts produced for compensation proceedings rather than contemporary records. Detailed source comparison, chronology, discrepancies, transcription, and translation are retained in the linked private research records. Public metadata may be shared; scan publication requires separate rights review.

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg · EL 350 I Bü 36930

Complete archival reproduction comprising 212 scan images, delivered by the reproduction service on 18 August 2026 and recovered on 27 August 2026. The original ZIP is held in the private archive. The package is complete and checksum verified. On 13 September 2026 all 212 consecutively numbered JPEGs were systematically classified using filename order, local OCR, contact-sheet review of every image, and full-resolution visual review of the material evidence pages. The dossier structure is: images 0001-0011, cover, routing, late heir correspondence, and administrative sheets; 0012-0019, Auguste's death certificate and termination/recovery of pension payments; 0020-0053, pension-transfer correspondence, annual declarations, and routine pension administration; 0054-0075, property-loss decision and its investigation; 0076-0092, professional-loss calculation, settlement, family evidence, and sworn statements; 0093-0112, business-history evidence and related correspondence, including tax, chamber-of-commerce, commercial-register, and mover searches; 0113-0118, renewed BEG application and follow-up; 0119-0140, household-property investigation and prosecutorial correspondence; 0141-0163, emigration-cost decision and supporting Cunard and residence evidence; 0164-0171, original 1955 claim, application, power of attorney, and a largely illegible handwritten sworn statement; 0172-0194, accounting cards, working calculations, and duplicate decision/settlement copies; and 0195-0212, the appended criminal-investigation file concerning the disputed household claim. Material clusters are 0015-0019 (death, kinship, and last residence), 0054-0060 and 0133-0134/0196-0212 (contested household loss, investigation, dismissal, and partial award), 0076-0089 and 0098-0109 (Saalfeld business, Auguste's work, and family evidence), 0126-0127 and 0141-0154 (Swiss route, Aquitania booking, and migration-cost award), and 0164-0171 (Auguste's original claims). Images 0179-0194 substantially duplicate the decisions and settlement at 0054-0057 and 0076-0080. Evidence layers remain distinct. Auguste alleged that fear and a rapid flight forced her to leave the Reinsburgstrasse 200 household and ask the also persecuted Fritz Schwarz to sell valuables. Her daughter's account, relayed through counsel at 0126-0127, says the daughter fled first, met Auguste for several days in Switzerland, and knew of no sale proceeds. Landlord Jakob Mueller gave changing retrospective accounts about removal of the furniture. The prosecutor dismissed the suspected-fraud case because the conflicting, elderly witnesses and plausible third-party removals could not prove a false representation. The compensation authority nevertheless rejected total abandonment or confiscation, inferred a hurried distress sale by Schwarz, estimated an RM 5,115 loss, and awarded DM 1,023. These findings do not prove who removed each item or whether Auguste received any proceeds. The Cunard letters and official decisions establish the ship, sailing date, ticket number, Berlin booking, and $240 total fare/taxes. The authority's Swiss route and 30 November departure finding is consistent with counsel's account but is not a contemporary border record. The handwritten statement at 0171 is signed and dated 23 November 1955 but is not transcribed because most of its cursive text remains uncertain. Public metadata and conservative short excerpts may be shared; publication of any scan requires separate rights review.

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg · EL 350 I Bü 36931

Complete archival reproduction comprising 45 scan images, delivered by the reproduction service on 18 August 2026 and recovered on 27 August 2026. The original ZIP is held in the private archive. The package is complete and checksum verified. On 14 September 2026 all 45 consecutively numbered JPEGs were systematically classified using filename order, local OCR, contact-sheet review of every image, and full-resolution visual review of the material evidence pages. The compact image map is: 0001-0003, covers, index, and file card; 0004-0010, closure, withdrawals, and late routing; 0011-0017, authority calculations and duplicate working copies tied to Auguste's occupational-loss settlement; 0018-0030, private-insurance withdrawal, heirship evidence, family submissions and affidavit, certified U.S. vital-record copies, and counsel's request to avoid costly probate; 0031-0040, procedural demands for an Erbschein and claim administration; and 0041-0045, the initial claim letter and signed BEG application. Material clusters are 0003 and 0041-0042 (Ignatz's reported death and the initial derivative claim), 0011-0019 and 0029-0037 (calculation, waiver, withdrawal, and unresolved heirship), and 0020-0026 (family statements and certified U.S. records). Images 0015-0016 substantially duplicate 0011-0012; the affidavit at 0023 duplicates evidence in S-027, and the U.S. certificates at 0024-0026 corroborate records already captured in S-050 and related Emil sources rather than supply independent new events. Evidence layers remain distinct. The certified U.S. records are contemporary official evidence for Emil and Cora's marriage, their child's birth, and Emil's death. Auguste's application, Cecilie Wortsmann's affidavit, Max Wortsmann's account relayed by counsel, and counsel's family summaries are claimant or family testimony. The authority's memoranda, calculations, Erbschein demands, and closure routing are compensation findings and procedure. The file card and signed application repeatedly give Ignatz's death as 6 July 1937 in Wiesbaden, while a cover letter incorrectly gives Limburg and no civil death record appears. Counsel's January 1958 letter gives Caecilie a 3 January 1900 birth date, conflicting with the independently supported 3 November date; it is preserved as a likely clerical error. The authority did not adjudicate a complete heir group because formal proof of succession was never supplied. Public metadata and conservative short excerpts may be shared; publication of any scan requires separate rights review.

Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg · EL 350 I Bü 59961

Complete archival reproduction comprising 401 scan images, delivered by the reproduction service on 18 August 2026 and recovered on 27 August 2026. The original ZIP is held in the private archive. The package is complete and checksum verified, but still requires systematic indexing and page-supported claim extraction. Public metadata may be shared; scan publication requires separate rights review.

Atlanta Journal-Constitution / Ancestry Newspapers.com media · Ancestry tree 206775938; media 528b2a74-7490-41c9-912c-befa38d538f7; duplicate listing 16aedd9a-b6b3-4b44-a8dd-b7e734ea2c7e · April 1, 2011

Contemporary obituary reports Rubin Milton Silverstein's 31 March 2011 death in Atlanta, age 90, and identifies Edith as his wife. Names of living relatives were not transcribed into canonical records. Ancestry contained two byte-identical listings; one local file was retained and the duplicate mapping is preserved in the private manifest.

Private family archive / Ancestry Silverstein Family Tree · Ancestry tree 206775938; media 9bc78c0c-a87a-47a9-aaa9-70bc705d234c; local intake item 20

Legible headstone photograph. The full-quality image is held in the private intake archive; public metadata may be shared, but the image is not approved for automated publication.

Ancestry Silverstein Family Tree media · Ancestry tree 206775938; media 8e3faaac-0b11-42da-86b6-9eaf66ccbd76; local intake item 2 · 1926-11

Primary naturalization record and first-person family statement. The image is legible but several typed dates differ from the later 1933 petition. Full resolution and SHA-256 are preserved in the private intake manifest.

Ancestry Silverstein Family Tree media · Ancestry tree 206775938; media c8e1fda3-1c27-49a0-90c5-54dd2633e624; local intake item 3 · July 24, 1933

Primary naturalization record and first-person family statement. It conflicts with the 1926 petition and headstone on Rubin's birth year, and with the 1926 petition on several other household dates. Full resolution and SHA-256 are preserved in the private intake manifest.

Private family archive / Ancestry Silverstein Family Tree · Ancestry tree 206775938; local intake items 1 and 13; item 24 is byte-identical to item 13

Two legible views of the same headstone were retained. A second Ancestry listing of the close view was byte-identical and was deduplicated while its media ID remains in the private manifest.

Landesarchiv Berlin / Ancestry · Personenstandsregister Heiratsregister; Laufendenummer 339; certificate 623; Ancestry collection 2957, image 41539_prep570_000339-00080 · June 2, 1919

Contemporary civil marriage register image held by Landesarchiv Berlin. This source confirms Albert's immediate parentage for the comparison line but does not establish any relationship to the STEINE Fellheim/Laupheim branch.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Staatsarchiv Freiburg · L 10 Nr. 1356; permanent link f=5-479751 · 1840–1870

Official Baden church-book duplicate held by Staatsarchiv Freiburg. The negative result is evidence that the expected entry is absent from this duplicate, not proof that Karoline was not born in Altdorf. Images reviewed during this session remain outside Git history.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Staatsarchiv Freiburg · L 10 Nr. 1360; permanent link f=5-479755 · 1840–1870

Official Baden church-book duplicate held by Staatsarchiv Freiburg. The negative result establishes only that the target is absent from this duplicate. Images reviewed during this session remain outside Git history.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Staatsarchiv Freiburg · L 10 Nr. 1401; permanent link f=5-480837 · 1844–1870

Official Baden church-book duplicate held by Staatsarchiv Freiburg and reviewed as the relevant Protestant register for the Ettenheim area. The negative result establishes only that the target is absent from this duplicate. Images reviewed during this session remain outside Git history.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Staatsarchiv Freiburg · L 10 Nr. 1371; permanent link f=5-480805 · 1832–1870

Official Baden church-book duplicate held by Staatsarchiv Freiburg and checked because the death entry locates Altdorf relative to Ettenheim. The negative result establishes only that the target is absent from this duplicate. Images reviewed during this session remain outside Git history.

Evangelisches Archiv Baden und Württemberg/Baden / Archion · Archion church register 261466, image 270 · 1810–1869

Original Lutheran register image reviewed on 29 August 2026 through a paid Archion account. Image 270 is the volume's isolated 1854 leaf; image 271 begins separate material and images 272–279 are index leaves. The negative finding does not disprove the Stuttgart death entry's Altdorf birthplace or identify Karoline's denomination. The downloaded PDF remains outside Git; only public source metadata and a persistent Archion link are recorded here.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · Ancestry collection 2238, record 15989552, image 44020_10_00041-02212 · February 14, 1942

Original signed registration card reviewed on Ancestry. Emil's explicit written month resolves the numeric date-order ambiguity in his mother's declaration.

FamilySearch / Ancestry · FamilySearch film 002209187; Ancestry collection 61378, record 799020, image TH-1-18870-5057-48 · September 15, 1930

Original county marriage record image reviewed on Ancestry. It directly links Emil's American household to Ignatz Saalfeld and Auguste Einstein.

Cook County Clerk / Ancestry · Ancestry collection 1501, record 3713584; file 6040983 · June 11, 1952

Official death-index entry reviewed on Ancestry. The underlying certificate was not available in the hint and has not been reviewed.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · New York passenger list, SS Albert Ballin, list 8, line 29; Ancestry collection 7488, record 2001954685, images NYT715_3794-0374 and NYT715_3794-0375 · February 7, 1926

Contemporary two-page federal passenger manifest, visually reviewed on Ancestry and downloaded in full on 29 August 2026. The identity is confirmed by name, age, Limburg birthplace, and exact agreement with S-019. The aunt's surname is read as Stamberg but remains somewhat difficult handwriting. Private access-copy SHA-256 values: page 1 140c9bbd6ca10a8f0215bb2d863c40d4bf26368f3cffd5dc90d1f72c0dc413cc; page 2 55ab216f20d37cc88e8b1191755bd40284847d6cdb13be7b3e371ec2e453b4fc.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · New York passenger list, SS America, list 9, line 4; Ancestry collection 7488, record 4027106251, images NYT715_3242-0553 and NYT715_3242-0554 · January 14, 1923

Contemporary two-page federal passenger manifest, visually reviewed on Ancestry and downloaded in full on 29 August 2026. The name, age, Limburg birthplace, and father Ignatz establish the identity independently; S-054 corroborates a 1923 arrival and a 1923-1925 New York stay. Ambiguous handwriting is not expanded. Private access-copy SHA-256 values: page 1 4b5aa1d48bd810a9f8350d22b48f03b8f223f464b88752b354648964542545ea; page 2 dcb73bbd574d1d1a2a2d957cf43432a4f57bf148fe757eb491e54efa6ce5aa08.

Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Archive Bayerns / Staatsarchiv Augsburg · Vorläufige Schlossarchiv Fellheim [Depot Heimatverein Neuburg], Findbuch-Nr. 368; Bestandslaufzeit 15. Jh. bis 1848; 91 Archivalieneinheiten (78 Bände/Akten and 13 Urkunden), 4.00 lfm; Erschließungszustand C · April 15, 2019

Official collection-level finding-aid description. On 30 August 2026 the official GVL catalog was searched with archive StAA, search scope Verzeichnungseinheiten, and collection "Schlossarchiv Fellheim [Depot]." It returned no item-level records either for 1720-1750 or without date limits. The guide and public catalog therefore establish repository and collection, but not the two item signatures, pages or folios, record types, or digitization status. The catalog states that orderability can be checked only after sign-in; no item can be ordered until its signature is identified.

Likias Verlag · page 50, footnote 94 · 2022

Modern scholarly context and a useful page-level pointer into Rapp, but still derivative. It neither names Daniel Einstein nor cites the underlying 1722 archival item. A nearby citation to "StAA, Schlossarchiv Fellheim 40" is explicitly for a 28 August 1777 protocol extract and must not be reused as the signature for the 1722 or 1747 lists.

Steinheim Institute · epidat lau-458; Familienregister p. 10

Scholarly gravestone edition and family reconstruction citing the Laupheim death register, grave list, Familienregister p. 10, and Hüttenmeister. The death and patronymic are direct gravestone evidence; the two-marriage household is a strong derivative reconstruction pending import of the cited family-register page.

Steinheim Institute · epidat lau-438; Familienregister p. 10

Scholarly gravestone edition and family reconstruction citing Familienregister p. 10 and Hüttenmeister. The editor explicitly treats the identification of the stone/person as probable rather than certain; the dates and identity must retain that qualification until independently resolved.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · Declaration no. 106120; certificate of arrival 22-87952; petition no. 78381; certificate no. 5926875; Ancestry collection 3998, records 3688340, 3688343, and 3688345, images 005197532_00070, 005197532_00072, and 005197532_00073 · November 14, 1949

Contemporary sworn federal records and court order, visually reviewed on Ancestry. The Ancestry index splits the file across several records and inconsistently labels some dates and numbers; the image text controls. Images are restricted Ancestry/NARA access copies and are not committed to Git.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · New York passenger list; Ancestry collection 7488, record 1004234296, image NYT715_6323-0250 · May 2, 1939

Contemporary federal passenger manifest indexed to the original image. The exact birth place, age, husband, route, and cousin independently fit the naturalization file. The restricted image is not committed to Git.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · San Francisco passenger list; Ancestry collection 7949, record 1387222, image CAM1410_354-0359 · May 24, 1939

Contemporary federal passenger record continuing the route documented in S-066. Some indexed physical-description fields conflict with S-065 and are not used for identification. The restricted image is not committed to Git.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · San Francisco ED 38-511, sheet 4A; Ancestry collection 2442, record 71404778, image m-t0627-00318-00514 · 1940

Contemporary federal census image and indexed household, visually reviewed on Ancestry. The misspelled surname and OCR/index variants are preserved rather than silently corrected. The restricted image is not committed to Git.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · San Francisco ED 38-505, sheet 8; Ancestry collection 62308, record 260620897, image 43290879-California-070231-0009 · 1950

Contemporary federal census image and indexed household, visually reviewed on Ancestry. The sibling designations and repeated address independently reconnect Josephine Stone to the Einstein household. The restricted image is not committed to Git.

California State Archives / Ancestry · Ancestry collection 5180, record 13847813 · July 13, 1980

State death index. Exact name, birth date, place, and Schweizer/Schweitzer maternal surname independently resolve the identity; the index is derivative from the state death record and does not replace the certificate.

Social Security Administration / Ancestry · Ancestry collection 3693, record 60297765 · 1980-07

Federal death-master-file index that corroborates S-070. The Social Security number is intentionally omitted from STEINE's public metadata and narrative.

Initiative Stolpersteine Stuttgart-West · Biography citing Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg EL 350 I Bü 22275 and Stuttgart passport/address records F 201 Bü 422/153 and F 201 Bü 414/18

Public researched memorial biography. It identifies Josephine Einstein as Siegfried's wife, describes their childless marriage, her 1939 emigration and later Stone name, and his deportation and legal death declaration. It cites local archival files, including S-025. S-025 has now been reviewed directly, but this memorial biography remains a secondary synthesis. Its 5 August 1909 marriage date conflicts with the 8 August date Josephine gave twice in S-065; the exact day is therefore left unresolved.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · Declaration no. 105958; petition no. 78265; Ancestry collection 3998, records 3687222 and 3687224, images 005197531_01213 and 005197531_01215 · March 31, 1943

Contemporary sworn federal records visually reviewed on Ancestry. The image text controls over index summaries. The restricted Ancestry/NARA images are not committed to Git.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · Ancestry collection 1002, record 13180325, images 004667731_02847 and 004667731_02848 · April 25, 1942

Contemporary registration card, signed by Ludwig and visually reviewed on Ancestry. Birth and address details are self-reported. The restricted Ancestry/NARA images are not committed to Git.

State of California / Ancestry · Ancestry collection 5180, record 2095199 · February 18, 1951

Derivative state death index viewed on Ancestry. The exact birth date links the entry to the Stuttgart-born San Francisco resident, but no certificate image was available. The parent-surname fields are corroborating leads, not standalone proof of the parents' full identities.

The Jewish Community of Laupheim and its Annihilation · Book pages 168-172; English translation by Markus Ganser

Compiled local memorial biography incorporating family testimony and photographs. It is used only to distinguish this well-documented namesake from the unmarried Stuttgart-born Ludwig resident in San Francisco in 1950.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · New York passenger list; Ancestry collection 7488, record 1004163396, images NYT715_6305-0067 and NYT715_6305-0068, list 16, line 17 · March 31, 1939

Contemporary federal passenger manifest visually reviewed on Ancestry. The identity, arrival, Stuttgart origin, and Koshland contact are clear. The foreign-contact spelling and geography are difficult and conflict with the clearer San Francisco continuation in S-078, so S-077 is not used to resolve that person's exact name or residence. The restricted image is not committed to Git.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · San Francisco passenger list; Ancestry collection 7949, record 853977, images CAM1410_353-0757 and CAM1410_353-0758, line 1 · May 10, 1939

Contemporary federal passenger manifest visually reviewed on Ancestry. Its typed foreign-contact entry is clearer than the corresponding handwritten New York entry in S-077, but the two copies conflict on that contact's place. The repeated Koshland contact and Ludwig's identity are clear. The restricted image is not committed to Git.

National Archives and Records Administration / Ancestry · U.S. passport application; Ancestry collection 1174, record 472852, image USM1490_193-0123, certificate 13396 · 1913

Contemporary signed federal application visually reviewed on Ancestry. It directly establishes Corinne Koshland's Schweitzer birth surname but does not name her parents or state her exact relationship to Ludwig or Josephine. The restricted image is not committed to Git.

The Jewish Community of Laupheim and its Annihilation · Book pages 384-390; English translation supervised by Dr. Robynne Flynn-Diez

Compiled local memorial biography drawing on Laupheim archival and family material. It supplies a plausible identity for S-078's "Mr. B. Nordlinger" and documents his maternal Einstein connection, but it does not identify him as Ludwig Einstein's cousin or connect Pauline Einstein to Emil Einstein.

Stadtarchiv Stuttgart · Bestand 177, Geburtsregister Innenstadtbezirke 1880, lfd. Nr. 0103-0116; lfd. Nr. 0110 covers register numbers 2101-2400 and has digital number 177_E_662

Official archival catalog reviewed 1 September 2026. It enumerates the 1880 Innenstadt birth registers through number 4194 and describes the volumes as digital, but the item detail says they can be viewed in the reading room. No online name index was found. A date-to-sequence estimate places 26 July near lfd. Nr. 0110 or 0111, but this is only a targeting hypothesis and not a confirmed register assignment.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart · HStAS J 386 Bü 351; surname index pp. 493-517

Official Landesarchiv/Matricula catalog record. The Matricula Laupheim collection page is https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/deutschland/baden_wuerttemberg/bw-17354/ and explicitly lists HStAS J 386 Bü 351 as the 1765-1938 Jewish family book, with surname index pp. 493-517. The LEO-BW object for archival unit 1-445959 reports 517 Ausdrucke and 524 digital images. An image-level Landesarchiv viewer permalink is exposed for the first scan as https://www.landesarchiv-bw.de/plink/?f=1-445959-1&leo=1, establishing the image-sequence namespace 1-445959-N. As of 2026-09-13, the exact Matricula register-detail URL and the image-sequence number corresponding to printed Familienregister p. 74 could not be recovered from the non-JavaScript public surfaces, so p. 74 itself has not been inspected. The difference between 524 digital images and 517 numbered outputs is not sufficient to infer that page 74 corresponds to any particular scan number. No independent scholarly or archival reproduction of p. 74 was located in this pass. This is an access limitation, not a negative genealogical finding.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart · HStAS J 386 Bü 352; surname index pp. 330-348

Official Landesarchiv/Matricula catalog record checked 2026-09-02. This is a second primary family-book target for the Isak/Miriam household. The catalog reports a surname index on pp. 330-348 and warns that the volume is barely legible. No image or person-level entry was examined in this session because the interactive viewer was unavailable under the local browser security policy.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart · HStAS J 386 Bü 347

Official Landesarchiv/Matricula catalog record checked 2026-09-02. This is a primary candidate for testing the report that children of Isak and Miriam emigrated to the United States. No person-level entry was examined in this session; the volume's date range may exclude later departures.

Find a Grave · Memorial 110381501; Ancestry collection 60533, record 113381

User-contributed derivative memorial checked 2 September 2026. It contains no grave or record image and cites no underlying register. It conflates Emil with Emanuel and gives secondary details that conflict with better evidence, including Miriam's and Karoline's birth years. The exact 29 June 1844 birth date is therefore not adopted; Emil remains only "about 1844" pending the original Laupheim birth entry.

Ancestry / Newspapers.com · Ancestry collection 61843, record 590843436; The Pittsburgh Post, 10 December 1893, p. 5; Newspapers.com image 87581938 · December 10, 1893

Lead checked 12 September 2026. Ancestry states that this collection was created using artificial-intelligence technology and may contain errors. The subject name and Daniel's name are visibly garbled, and the indexed 3 December death date conflicts with Miriam's contemporary funeral sermon and gravestone, which support 8 December 1893. The underlying newspaper image was blocked by a Newspapers.com subscription boundary and was not examined. Do not adopt the indexed date or child spellings without the article image.

Published memoir · Published book; draft not separately located in current STEINE Project/Library · 2019

First-person retrospective memoir, written with journalist Dick Weiss. Treat as strong narrative evidence and compare exact dates/relationships against contemporary records and the earlier 1985 oral history. Current STEINE access does not include a full-text book or separate draft, so no unsupported page-level assertions are extracted from it here.

U.S. Army · Fort Knox Days of Remembrance feature; includes family and military photographs · April 9, 2021

Institutional retrospective based on Mendel Rosenberg's oral histories and a 2021 interview assisted by his daughter Renee Silverstein. It independently identifies the immediate family in a prewar photograph, describes Simon's arrest and killing after the 1941 invasion, Samuel's survival with Mendel until early 1945, Mendel's 1947 U.S. migration, and his 1951-1952 U.S. Army service in Japan. Exact Holocaust dates should still be checked against contemporary records.

State Historical Society of Missouri · C4052, DVD 43; St. Louis; Army; Korean War · August 30, 2011

Archival collection inventory independently identifies a Mendel Rosenberg oral history recorded in St. Louis on 30 August 2011, service branch Army, conflict Korean War. The interview content itself has not yet been reviewed, so only the catalog-level facts are adopted from this source.

LEO-BW · Buchau council protocol, 16 March 1665 (described on portal)

Official state historical portal reports that Baruch Moses Ainstein of Wangen am Untersee was admitted to protection in the imperial city of Buchau on 16 March 1665 and that the Einstein family thereafter became established in Buchau. This is strong contextual evidence for the earliest named Buchau Einstein household but does not establish Daniel Einstein of Fellheim as Baruch's son and therefore does not prove a common ancestor.

ICZ Bibliothek / Breslauersammlung · Cites Aron Tänzer, "Albert Einsteins Württemb. Stammbaum", Gemeinde-Zeitung für die israelitischen Gemeinden Württembergs, 1 June 1930 · June 9, 2026

A Jewish institutional library article explicitly identifies Naphtali Hirsch Einstein (1733-1799) as "Naphtali ben David" and uses Rabbi Aron Tänzer's 1930 Einstein pedigree to establish him and Helene Handel Einstein as common ancestors of two documented Buchau Einstein descendant branches. The patronymic "ben David" strongly supports a father named David, consistent with the derivative identification of David Veit Einstein. The article does not reproduce the underlying Buchau register entry, so David Veit's exact parentage remains a separate unresolved earlier-generation question. Follow-up: S-109 directly inspects the cited 1930 original, whose displayed pedigree does not give ben David or Naphtali's dates. Preserve these as assertions of this 2026 summary, not verified readings of the 1930 pedigree.

Association of the Jewish Museum of Hohenems · Newsletter 2003-01; discussion of Buchau 1693 tax list · 2003

Bergmann reports finding a Moises Ainstein on a 1693 Buchau tax list and says Albert Einstein's ancestors almost certainly go back to that man. He cites published Buchau/Hohenems historical work and notes that Baruch Moses Ainstein, admitted to Buchau in 1665 from Wangen am Untersee, was presumably Moises's father. The wording "almost certainly" and "presumably" is explicitly inferential. This source supports the early Buchau household and naming context but does not document Daniel Einstein of Fellheim as Baruch's son or establish the Fellheim-Buchau common ancestor.

Stadtarchiv Memmingen · StadtA MM, A 401

The official Stadtarchiv Memmingen Jewish-history guide identifies A 401 as the early-modern repository for Judenmandate/Judenordnungen and correspondence concerning exclusion of Jews. Its broader Reichsstadt holdings guide likewise labels file group A 401 simply "Juden." This is a strong collection-level locator for the 1747 Fellheim list reportedly sent to a Memmingen gatekeeper, especially because contemporary historical summaries place introduction of Memmingen's Leibzoll around 1747. The public finding aid does not expose an item-level description naming Daniel Einstein's widow, and no underlying archival image was available for inspection in this pass. It therefore narrows the archive target but does not itself verify the 1747 person-specific entry.

Public web genealogy

This is a lead/negative-evidence record, not proof. Public derivative pedigrees repeatedly assert a Daniel Einstein born about 1690 in Fellheim in the family of Baruch Moses Ainstein/Borichle, which would make Baruch a candidate common ancestor of the STEINE Fellheim line and Albert Einstein's Buchau line. However, the derivatives conflict materially with one another: some make Daniel a direct son of Baruch, others place a Daniel under Moyses and Judith, and the Hohenems genealogy's displayed Baruch family sheet itself lists only Moyses while its underlying notes cite Geni/Public Member Trees rather than a contemporary record. The same derivative network alternately places Moyses's 1689 birth in Fellheim and Bad Buchau. FamilySearch's corresponding Moyses profile explicitly reports zero historical sources. These contradictions make the Daniel-Baruch assertion unsuitable for promotion. The useful result is a sharply testable proposition: an original or source-cited Fellheim/Buchau record must identify the 1722 Daniel's father or otherwise distinguish him from the derivative Daniel born circa 1690.

Badische Landesbibliothek / RegionaliaOpen · Südwestdeutsche Blätter für Familien- und Wappenkunde 23, pp. 385-389; DOI 10.57962/regionalia-22296 · 2003

Source-critical article visually inspected in September 2026. Arnstein says Einstein genealogy can be reconstructed from the Buchau family registers and cites Aron Tänzer's 1931 treatment. He identifies Baruch Moyses Ainstein of Wangen am Untersee as the first Einstein admitted to Buchau in 1665, says Moses Einstein was probably Baruch's son and died in 1730, and then discusses David Veit Einstein. Crucially, Arnstein explicitly says the sources are not unequivocal as to whether David Veit was Moses's son or instead a direct son of Baruch, even while treating Baruch, Moses and David Veit as direct ancestors of Albert Einstein. He states that John Bergmann evaluated the individual documents behind this early reconstruction. Arnstein separately describes the first Buchau family register as created in 1809 and covering 1809-1853. Its retrospective Blatt 3 entry is Abraham Einstein (1718-1787), son of Leopold Einstein and Karoline; Blatt 6 is Moses Einstein der Ältere (1750-1790), son of a deceased David Einstein and Karoline of Pfersee; Blatt 7 is Moses Einstein der Jüngere (1739-1815), son of Joseph Einstein and Bernhardine of Sulz. The Blatt 6 Moses born in 1750 is therefore a later namesake and cannot be the early Moses whom Arnstein says died in 1730. These entries show multiple Buchau Einstein branches and must not be conflated with the proposed Baruch-Moses-David Veit ancestral chain. Arnstein dates a Buchau tax list naming Moses Einstein and Abraham Neiburger to 1694, whereas S-105 reports Bergmann's dating of a Moises Ainstein tax-list entry to 1693. The underlying list has not been inspected, so STEINE preserves 1693/1694 as a source-level chronological discrepancy rather than choosing a year. This is strong register-based secondary evidence but not direct inspection of the underlying early documents. It names no Daniel Einstein of Fellheim and supplies no Fellheim-Buchau bridge; the reported Baruch-Moses- David parentage ambiguity must be preserved rather than silently resolved.

Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart · Bestand J 386, Bad Buchau family-register units Bü 39-Bü 45, digitized by Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg and mirrored in Matricula Online.

Official archival catalog target for the underlying Buchau family registers cited by Tänzer and later scholars. Landesarchiv/LEO-BW and Matricula metadata identify seven digitized family-book units: Bü 39 (1770-1861; 261 images), Bü 40 (1779-1873; index pp. 59-69), Bü 41 (1795-1879; index p. 62), Bü 42 (1760-1867; index pp. 235-251; 253 images), Bü 43 (1797-1883; index pp. 170-194), Bü 44 (1834-1904; index pp. 206-222), and Bü 45 (1823-1935; index pp. 186-197). Arnstein S-118 separately describes Buchau's first family register as created in 1809 and covering 1809-1853, with Einstein entries on Blatt 3, 6 and 7. Those historical folio references have not yet been mapped securely to a modern J 386 unit; the wider date spans in the modern catalog may describe retrospective family data rather than the years when the volume was physically compiled. Do not equate Arnstein's first register with Bü 39 or another unit without visual verification. In the current text client the catalog metadata is accessible but the JavaScript image viewer does not expose person-level pages reliably, so no parent-child reading is promoted from S-119 yet. This is the primary archival target for directly testing the early Buchau sequence around Baruch Moyses, Moses, David Veit and Naphtali Hirsch Einstein. Do not infer Daniel Einstein of Fellheim from the catalog alone.

Jüdische Familien-Forschung / Leo Baeck Institute Library Periodical Collection · Jüdische Familien-Forschung, Heft 28 (Dezember 1931), pp. 419-421; Internet Archive parent serial identifier judischefamilien · 1931-12

The distinct 1931 Tänzer article has been localized bibliographically to issue 28 of Jüdische Familien-Forschung, pp. 419-421. Princeton University Press's official bibliography for the Einstein papers independently lists the article. The Leo Baeck Institute Library Periodical Collection's Internet Archive parent item, identifier judischefamilien, describes its digitized holdings as complete from Jahrgang 1 Heft 1 (1925) through Jahrgang 14 Heft 50 (1938), so Heft 28 falls within the digitized run. In the current text client the Internet Archive item is exposed primarily as a parent/EAD container and the specific Heft 28 child scan/pages were not successfully retrieved. The editorial apparatus to volume 1 of The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein further distinguishes this 1931 publication from the 1930 version: it states that Tänzer's 1931 item contains an Einstein family tree with additions by Dr. Arthur Czellitzer based on earlier Tänzer material. The same editorial note describes a 1930 Tänzer paternal tree prepared from official Jewish family- register extracts in Buchau and Ulm and points to preserved copies in the Einstein Archive "Family Tree" material and NNLBI/Leo Baeck Institute AR 485, no. 3. Those archive references are useful alternate access routes to Tänzer's genealogy but do not establish that the 1931 additions extend the lineage to Baruch, Moses, David Veit or Daniel. The full pp. 419-421 remain uninspected in STEINE, so no person-level genealogical assertion is attributed to S-120 yet. Do not conflate it with Tänzer's visually inspected 1 June 1930 Gemeinde-Zeitung article S-109 and do not infer a Fellheim-Buchau link until the 1931 pages themselves are read.

St. Louis Kaplan Feldman Holocaust Museum · Public oral-history page with transcript and audio segments · June 11, 1985

First-person survivor testimony recorded decades after the events. High value for identity, family relationships, lived experience and narrative chronology; exact dates and camp chronology should be checked against contemporary records. The transcript identifies the interview date as 11 June 1985. The public page provides a transcript and segmented audio. In the opening family-identification sequence, Mendel explicitly names his older brother as Samuel and his father as Simon/Shimon. The testimony also describes birth in Königsberg, childhood in Šiauliai, the disappearance of Mendel's father after the 1941 German invasion, survival with his mother and older brother Samuel through the Šiauliai ghetto, later Stutthof and Dachau/Mühldorf imprisonment, liberation, postwar displacement and U.S. life.

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart · HStAS E 143 Bü 494 Qu 28; StAS Wü 65/18 Bü 419 fol. 44 #10; StAS Wü 65/18 Bü 439 (1856) #10; Auswandererkartei Glatzle card 6991 (LABW HStAS J 493) · July 29, 1856

Official Landesarchiv/LEO-BW emigration-database entry checked 2026-09-13. It securely establishes that a Joseph Einstein of Laupheim with these attributes emigrated to North America on 29 July 1856. The index entry does not state age, birth date, or parents, so identification with P-025 remains a candidate rather than a proved identity.

Stadtarchiv Memmingen · StadtA MM, Bestand A, A 401/7 (unpaginated) · April 22, 1747

Archival locator reported by archive staff on 16 and 28 September 2026, documented privately in S-110. Bestand A contains the Free Imperial City Memmingen records through 1803. Staff report a 1747 Fellheim list attached to a Secret Council protocol dated 22 April 1747, with a Daniel Einstein widow entry on the front. The records are chronological and unpaginated; staff report they are not digitized. STEINE has received and inspected no original image. This is metadata for an identified archival target, not an inspected primary source or an online facsimile. Staff describe a personal-toll exemption; the earlier literature-derived account describes a list sent for toll collection. That source discrepancy and the exact documentary context await inspection of the originals. The reported entry does not identify the widow's given name or establish parents, children, Daniel's presence in 1722, or an Albert Einstein connection.