Josephine Einstein Schwarzschild Stone
Daughter of Emil Einstein and Karoline/Caroline Schweizer. She married Siegfried Schwarzschild in Stuttgart in August 1909, emigrated alone in 1939, and legally changed her name to Josephine Stone when naturalized in San Francisco on 14 November 1949. Her naturalization file states that the couple had no children; Stone was a court-approved name change, not evidence of a later marriage.
- Record ID
- P-018
- Name variants
- Josefine Einstein, Josephine Einstein, Josefine Schwarzschild, Josephine Schwarzschild, Josephine Stone, Josephine Schwarzchild, Josephine Schwartzschild
- Birth
- November 5, 1884
- Death
- July 13, 1980
- Family lines
- Fellheim–Laupheim Einstein
- Related people
- Emil Einstein, Karoline Schweizer, Auguste Einstein Saalfeld, Melita Einstein, Ludwig Einstein, Siegfried Schwarzschild
- Places
- Stuttgart, Württemberg, New York, New York, San Francisco, California
- Sources
- Auguste Einstein Stuttgart birth notice, Emil Einstein Stuttgart civil death entry, Auguste Saalfeld obituary, Siegfried Schwarzschild restitution file, Auguste Saalfeld née Einstein restitution file, Josephine Schwarzschild naturalization file and legal name-change order, Josephine Schwarzschild passenger manifest aboard SS Pennland, 1939, Josephine Schwarzschild passenger manifest aboard City of Baltimore, 1939, Einstein-Levy-Schwarzschild household in the 1940 United States census, Einstein-Levy-Stone household in the 1950 United States census, California death index entry for Josephine Stone, Social Security Death Index entry for Josephine Stone, Siegfried Schwarzschild, Klopstockstr. 34A, Ludwig Einstein declaration and petition for naturalization, Ludwig Einstein World War II draft registration card, Ludwig Einstein entry in the California Death Index, Ludwig Einstein passenger manifest aboard SS Aquitania, New York arrival, 1939, Ludwig Einstein passenger manifest, San Francisco arrival, 1939, Corinne Schweitzer Koshland passport application, 1913, Biography of Benno Nördlinger of Laupheim
Evidence-backed claims
Civil records described in the archive identify the household and Karoline's maiden surname. Auguste's 1965 death certificate in S-027 independently names her parents as Emil Einstein and Caroline Schweizer; the informant was her daughter, Mrs. Max Wortsman.
Josephine's federal naturalization file carries the same Stuttgart birth date and 1909 Schwarzschild marriage, records her lawful entry under Josephine Einstein Schwarzschild, and contains both her Schwarzschild oath signature and the court order changing her name to Josephine Stone. The 1950 census then places Josephine Stone as sister of Melita Levy and Ludwig Einstein, and the California death index preserves her exact birth date and her mother's maiden name as Schweitzer. These independent records satisfy the identity bridge.
Auguste's 1965 obituary names Josephine Stone and Melita Levy as her sisters. The 1950 census directly places Melita Levy with her brother Ludwig Einstein and her sister Josephine Stone at 3897 Clay Street. Josephine's federal naturalization file preserves her Stuttgart birth date, Einstein Schwarzschild entry name, and court-ordered Stone surname; her California death index independently preserves the same birth date and her mother's maiden name as Schweitzer. Together these records provide the direct identity bridge required by RQ-005.
Josephine's sworn declaration and petition independently identify Siegfried Schwarzschild as her husband and report their Stuttgart marriage. The Stuttgart memorial biography independently names the same couple.
Two passenger manifests document the continuous 1939 route, and two federal censuses independently repeat the same San Francisco sibling household and address a decade apart.
Josephine explicitly answered that she had no children in both her sworn 1939 declaration and 1944 naturalization petition, after the end of her childbearing years. The Stuttgart memorial biography independently describes the marriage as childless.
The California death index matches Josephine's exact birth date, later name, San Francisco residence, and the Schweizer/Schweitzer maiden-name variant of her mother. The Social Security Death Index independently corroborates the birth date, death month, and San Francisco residence.
Ludwig's naturalization file and draft card establish the same Stuttgart-born man, with the exact birth date 26 July 1880, at 3897 Clay Street. The 1940 and 1950 censuses directly call him Melita Levy's brother, and the 1950 census also calls Josephine Stone their sister. C-019 independently bridges Melita to Auguste, while C-009 establishes Auguste and Josephine as daughters of Emil Einstein and Karoline/Caroline Schweizer. The California death index matches Ludwig's exact birth date and reports his mother's maiden name as Schweitzer and father's surname as Einstein. Ludwig's 1939 manifests also name cousins in the Laupheim Einstein network and at 3800 Washington Street in San Francisco. Josephine independently named the same San Francisco cousin, Corinne Koshland; Corinne's signed passport uses the maiden name Schweitzer, and the likely Laupheim cousin Benno Nördlinger was a son of Pauline Einstein. This convergence makes the parentage and sibling relationship highly likely.
The signed decisions and payment records in S-025 directly record the awards. Images 0089-0091 award DM 4,784 for 65 months of occupational loss from 1 January 1939 through the statutory death date. Images 0103-0105 award DM 4,800 for 32 full months of Jewish-star restriction and imprisonment from 19 September 1941 through 31 May 1944. Images 0172-0176 award a DM 14,760 capital payment, DM 12,031 pension arrears, and DM 207 monthly from October 1958. Later images document periodic statutory recalculations and closure after Josephine's 13 July 1980 death.