Auguste Einstein Saalfeld

Central documented descendant linking the Stuttgart Einstein household to later American family lines. She and Ignatz operated the S. Saalfeld women's and girls' clothing shop in Limburg; contemporary commercial records gave her procuration in 1930, and her daughter later described her as the working manager who independently bought merchandise in Berlin. The firm was erased from the register in 1934 after anti-Jewish boycott pressure. Auguste later lived at Reinsburgstrasse 200 in Stuttgart, left Germany on 30 November 1938, traveled through Switzerland, and sailed from Cherbourg aboard the Aquitania on 3 December. She died at the Jewish Home in Atlanta on 29 June 1965.

Record ID
P-012
Name variants
Auguste Saalfeld
Birth
January 8, 1877
Death
June 29, 1965
Family lines
Fellheim–Laupheim Einstein, Saalfeld–Wortsmann–Silverstein
Related people
Emil Einstein, Karoline Schweizer, Ignatz Saalfeld, Caecilie Saalfeld Wortsmann, Max Wortsmann, Edith Karola Wortsmann Silverstein, Rubin Milton Silverstein, Josephine Einstein Schwarzschild Stone, Melita Einstein, Ludwig Einstein, Emil H. Saalfeld
Places
Stuttgart, Württemberg, Atlanta, Georgia, New York, New York, Limburg an der Lahn, Hesse, San Francisco, California
Sources
Auguste Einstein Stuttgart birth notice, Emil Einstein Stuttgart civil death entry, Auguste Saalfeld obituary, Auguste Saalfeld naturalization file, Auguste Saalfeld née Einstein restitution file, Ignatz Saalfeld restitution file, Rubin Milton Silverstein obituary, Emil Harding Salfield World War II draft registration card, Emil H. Salfield and Cora Maier marriage record, Josephine Schwarzschild naturalization file and legal name-change order, Einstein-Levy-Schwarzschild household in the 1940 United States census, Einstein-Levy-Stone household in the 1950 United States census, California death index entry for Josephine Stone, Ludwig Einstein declaration and petition for naturalization, Ludwig Einstein World War II draft registration card, Ludwig Einstein entry in the California Death Index, Ludwig Einstein passenger manifest aboard SS Aquitania, New York arrival, 1939, Ludwig Einstein passenger manifest, San Francisco arrival, 1939, Corinne Schweitzer Koshland passport application, 1913, Biography of Benno Nördlinger of Laupheim

Evidence-backed claims

Emil Einstein was married to Karoline/Caroline Schweizer and they were parents of Auguste and Josephine.

Civil records described in the archive identify the household and Karoline's maiden surname. Auguste's 1965 death certificate in S-027 independently names her parents as Emil Einstein and Caroline Schweizer; the informant was her daughter, Mrs. Max Wortsman.

Confirmed
Auguste Einstein was born 8 January 1877 in Stuttgart to Emil Einstein and Karoline Schweizer.

The linked Stuttgart birth notice establishes the event and parents. S-027's certified Georgia death record independently repeats the exact birth date, Germany as birthplace, and the parents Emil Einstein and Caroline Schweizer.

Confirmed
Auguste Einstein Saalfeld and Ignatz Saalfeld were parents of Caecilie; Caecilie and Max Wortsmann were parents of Edith Karola; Edith married Ruben Silverstein.

Rubin Milton Silverstein's contemporary obituary directly identifies Edith Silverstein as his wife. S-027's certified death record names Mrs. Max Wortsman as Auguste's daughter; related file correspondence explicitly calls Cecilie Wortsman nee Saalfeld the daughter of Auguste and Ignatz, strengthening the first parent-child link. S-028 independently repeats that relationship in Auguste's signed application and counsel's family submissions. The remaining links in this composite chain are strongly supported by the existing family and published evidence, but S-027's Cunard confirmation describes the Wortsmann children only by age and does not name Edith.

Strongly supported
Auguste Saalfeld left Germany on 30 November 1938, traveled through Switzerland to Cherbourg, sailed aboard the SS Aquitania on 3 December, and entered the United States at New York on 9 December 1938; she then resided in Cincinnati until April 1939, Birmingham until 1 September 1939, and Atlanta.

S-022's Certificate of Arrival, declaration, petition, and independent Ohio and Alabama witness depositions agree on the New York arrival and establish the Cincinnati-to-Birmingham-to-Atlanta residence sequence. S-027's Cunard correspondence independently establishes the 3 December Cherbourg sailing, ticket 333320, and Berlin booking. The restitution authority found that she left Germany on 30 November and traveled via Switzerland; counsel separately relayed her daughter's statement that the daughter fled first and met Auguste for several days in Switzerland.

Strongly supported
The Melita Levy living at 3897 Clay Street in San Francisco with siblings Ludwig Einstein and Josephine Stone in 1950 was Auguste Einstein Saalfeld's sister Melita Einstein.

Auguste's 1965 obituary names Josephine Stone and Melita Levy as her sisters. The 1950 census directly places Melita Levy with her brother Ludwig Einstein and her sister Josephine Stone at 3897 Clay Street. Josephine's federal naturalization file preserves her Stuttgart birth date, Einstein Schwarzschild entry name, and court-ordered Stone surname; her California death index independently preserves the same birth date and her mother's maiden name as Schweitzer. Together these records provide the direct identity bridge required by RQ-005.

Confirmed
Auguste Saalfeld filed U.S. naturalization Petition no. 3939 in the U.S. District Court at Atlanta on 25 February 1944 and was admitted to citizenship on 24 January 1945.

The clerk's certification in S-022 states that the Certificate of Arrival and Declaration of Intention were filed with and made part of Petition no. 3939 on 25 February 1944. The admission card and oath record give 24 January 1945 as the admission and certificate date.

Confirmed
Auguste Saalfeld identified Emil Sealfield as her child, born 6 July 1902 in Limburg, Germany.

Auguste's 30 October 1939 declaration of intention lists Emil Sealfield as her child and gives the numeric date 6-7-1902. Her adjacent entry for Cäcilie uses 3-11-1900, matching Cäcilie's independently known 3 November birth; Emil's own 1942 draft card explicitly writes July 6, 1902. The declaration therefore uses European day-month order despite the U.S. form labels, while Ancestry's index reverses both children's dates. S-028's certified death-certificate copy names Ignatz Salfield and Augusta Einstein as Emil's parents, while Auguste's signed 1957 application reports two children.

Confirmed
Emil H. Salfield, son of Ignaz Salfield and Augusta Einstein, married Cora Maier on 15 September 1930 in Hamilton County, Ohio.

The original Ohio marriage record directly names the spouses, marriage date, and Emil's parents as Ignaz Salfield and Augusta Einstein. S-028 contains a certified 1958 copy of the same Hamilton County record.

Confirmed
Ludwig Einstein, born 26 July 1880 in Stuttgart, was a son of Emil Einstein and Karoline/Caroline Schweizer and therefore a brother of Auguste Einstein Saalfeld, Melita Einstein Levy, and Josephine Einstein Schwarzschild Stone.

Ludwig's naturalization file and draft card establish the same Stuttgart-born man, with the exact birth date 26 July 1880, at 3897 Clay Street. The 1940 and 1950 censuses directly call him Melita Levy's brother, and the 1950 census also calls Josephine Stone their sister. C-019 independently bridges Melita to Auguste, while C-009 establishes Auguste and Josephine as daughters of Emil Einstein and Karoline/Caroline Schweizer. The California death index matches Ludwig's exact birth date and reports his mother's maiden name as Schweitzer and father's surname as Einstein. Ludwig's 1939 manifests also name cousins in the Laupheim Einstein network and at 3800 Washington Street in San Francisco. Josephine independently named the same San Francisco cousin, Corinne Koshland; Corinne's signed passport uses the maiden name Schweitzer, and the likely Laupheim cousin Benno Nördlinger was a son of Pauline Einstein. This convergence makes the parentage and sibling relationship highly likely.

Strongly supported
Auguste and Ignatz Saalfeld operated S. Saalfeld, a Limburg specialty shop for women's and girls' clothing; Ignatz was the formal proprietor, Auguste received procuration on 16 January 1930 and managed the business, and the firm was erased from the commercial register on 4 September 1934. The compensation authority accepted that anti-Jewish boycott pressure forced the closure.

S-027 includes the commercial-register extract, Limburg municipal and chamber replies, tax figures, and the compensation authority's review. Those contemporary records establish the firm, formal ownership, procuration, and 1934 deletion. Cecilia Wortsman's sworn 1958 statement identifies Auguste as the working manager who independently purchased stock in Berlin. The 1958 authority concluded that the Jewish proprietor's business would otherwise have participated in the post-1933 recovery and awarded Auguste compensation for lost professional advancement. S-028 preserves duplicate working copies of the authority's business history and settlement calculation.

Confirmed
Baden-Wuerttemberg awarded Auguste Saalfeld DM 140.25 for emigration costs in 1956, settled her professional-loss claim in 1958 with DM 6,200 in arrears and a lifetime monthly pension of DM 100, and awarded DM 1,023 for household distress-sale loss in 1959; her pension was later raised to DM 106 and ended with her death in June 1965.

The signed decisions, settlement copies, payment records, pension-adjustment decisions, and death-related closure correspondence in S-027 directly record each amount and disposition. The 1958 professional-loss settlement covered Auguste's own and derivative Ignatz claim and required waiver of further professional-loss compensation. S-028 preserves the corresponding authority calculation and waiver requirement from Ignatz's heirs file.

Confirmed
Auguste Saalfeld pursued compensation as Ignatz Saalfeld's widow and heir, but the authority required formal proof of succession and the derivative claims were withdrawn or absorbed into Auguste's own professional-loss settlement; counsel reported no further claims in September 1959.

The authority required an Erbschein because the submitted family evidence did not conclusively establish succession. Counsel considered probate costs disproportionate to the likely recovery and withdrew the private-insurance claim in October 1958, then the property, asset, and economic-advancement claims in March 1959. The authority's December 1958 calculation treated Auguste's DM 100 monthly professional-loss settlement as compensating both spouses' lost income and required waiver of her derivative occupational claim. Counsel's 21 September 1959 letter confirmed that no further claims were asserted and the files could be closed.

Confirmed